What typology includes women who typically engage in non-violent crimes such as fraud?

• A. White-Collar Crimes
• B. Property Crimes
• C. Street Crimes
• D. Cyber Crimes

Answer: (A)

White-collar crimes represent a category of offenses typically committed in business or professional settings, characterized by deceit, concealment, or violation of trust rather than the use or threat of physical violence. Women who engage in non-violent crimes such as fraud often fall into this typology as these offenses generally involve financial deceit, embezzlement, or other forms of economic exploitation. In this context, women may exploit their positions or manipulate situations to achieve illegal financial gains without resorting to violence.

The other typologies, such as property crimes, street crimes, and cyber crimes, do not align as closely with non-violent fraudulent activities. Property crimes often involve theft or criminal damage directly to another's property; street crimes encompass more violent offenses typically occurring in public spaces; and while cyber crimes might include non-violent acts, they are usually tied to online platforms rather than the broader field of fraud typically associated with white-collar offenses. Therefore, the focus on deceit and financial manipulation clearly categorizes women who engage in such fraudulent activities within the realm of white-collar crimes.